Double keystone bird in a keystone species complex.

Double keystone bird in a keystone species complex.

Species in a Colorado subalpine ecosystem show subtle interdependences. Red-naped sapsuckers play two distinct keystone roles. They excavate nest cavities in fungus-infected aspens that are required as nest sites by two species of swallows, and they drill sap wells into willows that provide abundant nourishment for themselves, hummingbirds, orange-crowned warblers, chipmunks, and an array of ot...

Keystone species and food webs.

Different species are of different importance in maintaining ecosystem functions in natural communities. Quantitative approaches are needed to identify unusually important or influential, 'keystone' species particularly for conservation purposes. Since the importance of some species may largely be the consequence of their rich interaction structure, one possible quantitative approach to identif...

A Network of Dynamic Keystone Species

A concept of dynamic keystone species is proposed based on simulation studies of replicator equations. We report that the variables of this equation can be categorized into three groups based on their individual dynamic behaviour. They are dominant, neutral and recessive phenotypes. Because the growth rates are small in average, they are termed neutral phenotypes. Especially with a chaotic attr...

Keystone XL.

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Keystone symposia